The Lower Depths Maxim Gorky Books
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The Lower Depths Maxim Gorky Books
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The Lower Depths Maxim Gorky Books Reviews
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Book Review Lower Depths - Maxim Gorky The Bitter One
Book Review Lower Depths - Maxim Gorky ~~~The~Bitter~One~~~
About Gorky This great author had a very little formal education from school but his passion towards literature drove into the category of world famous Authors. Aleksey Makimovich Peshkov was born on 16th March 1868 in Russia at a place called Novgorod Nizhny. This place was latest renamed in his honor to Gorky.
His father worked as a shipping agent at Astrakhan, but died when Gorky was just five years old. After that Gorky lived with his grandparents (maternal) who were very poor and used to be offensive with the little child. When Gorky was eight, his grandpa dropped him from school and put him to work. He was so inclined towards studies that he started learning from a fellow cook at work. Next few years were quite stressful for him and therefore at the age of 12, he ran away from his grandparent's house.
He worked at various places doing different jobs. During this period he chose a new name for himself as Maxim Gorky which means "The Bitter One" in Russian. At 21, he attempted an unsuccessful suicide which ultimately developed tuberculosis and damaged his lungs badly. Next few years he moved frequently from place to place and during this course of journey he go familiar with the lowest class of society comprising of prostitutes, thieves and similar characters. At 24 he got associated with several revolutionaries and emerged as an outspoken personality thereby getting popular in public very fast. He went to jail several times during this period and got few of his stories published in local newspapers mainly based on his experiences gained over these struggling years.
Later he joined with Marxists to fight against Tsars of Russia. His major earnings became a source of funds for Marxists. He spent his last phase of life from 1922 to 1930 in Italy. In 1930 he returned to Russia and was greeted overwhelmingly. He died on 14th June 1936 at the age of 68. There is some controversy regarding his death, some say he died of illness while others say that he was ordered to death by Stalin My views about the Book titled - THE LOWER DEPTHS This was Gorky's second play which he wrote in 1902 after the first one which was titled as "The Smug Citizen" which became very controversial at that period because of its content and outspoken nature of Gorky.
The 'Lower Depths' was very successful and was produced at Moscow Art Theatre in the same year. The play is about some powerful characters based on his encounters over the years with various types of people he had known. It was a protest against the inhumanity in particular.
This is a play in four acts having no solid plot but a series of sequences framed together. More emphasis is on characters, their thoughts and motives and how they act under certain circumstances. He made certain things in the play happen suddenly or shockingly. In first act the characters themselves narrate their past. Kostoloff is one of the characters who get murdered later. Pepel, Satine and Luka are other characters of the play. Ultimately the theme of the play is - All men live for "better" man everywhere in life and keep on working till they themselves become better men.
This is a continuous cycle and at any time Men will be working for Better Man. Many of them die during the course of serving before reaching at the stage of becoming better man. Luka is one of the brightest character of the play different from all other characters. Endlessly optimistic he is and very much eager to talk always to everyone. He keep on questioning everyone and himself about the purpose of life, meaning of life.
This too much probing nature of his causes his failures in life. Saaransh In real life if we see, everything is true what this play tries to tell. We all keep on working for "better man" and one day when we become "better man", all men start working under us
The language and characters? The language is pretty cool. All non-English writers' style is different than the English writers. You read any book of Gorky and you will find the language very simple, full of continuity and descriptive sort. You can compare the writing style of Gorky with MKGandhi. Regarding characters, well, I think, I have written enough there in my review already. When I kept the book aside, what were the questions or thoughts that occupied my mind? After I read the book, and kept it aside, it stayed shuffling inside me for 3 days.
It kept me striking the questions like "meaning and purpose of life", "if there is God, where and what form? And what does he expects from us?" etc. etc. And one more thing that strikes is the style of Gorky as usual, he writes so simple and perfect that each character and each incidence get absorbed so well inside you and not momentarily but forever. But all his books (or for sake any books) should be read in silence so that you listen to them well. And most importantly, what should you (even if oblivious to this writer and his works) expect from this book? You are unaware of this writer or his books, no worry. If you expect sincere writing, truth, an encounter with real life, real sort of characters, real incidences, simple English and above all if you seek certain answers to Life's happenings, do read his all books.
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This is a work which I will read for my UCLA class later. So, for now, I have no opinion.
The Lower Depths by Maxim Gorky, born Aleksei Peshkov in Nizhny Novgorod in 1868, is a dark drama that justifies his reputation as a founder of social realism, even if his works can also be regarded as agitprop for the Bolshevik Revolution. The characters were inspired by indigents Gorky consorted with at the Bugrov Homeless Shelter in his birthplace of Nizhny Novgorod. The play is a relentless and even, at least superficially, unsympathetic examination of Russia's underclass, gouging from a harsh urban landscape for a living by thievery, prostitution, and poorly paid piece work, savagely turned against each other by the oppressive poverty that denies them any upward opportunity, even for crime.
One of the few significant foci of the play is the arrival at the boarding house of Luka, people by seventeen brawling, abject inmates. Luka is an apparent innocent who believes, that every human being matters. This faith makes him eccentric rather than hero, and recalls the ineffectual Prince Mishkin of Dostoievski's "The Idiot" whose well-meaning idiocy further complicates the difficulties of those deluded by his naïve faith. Luka's compassion makes him a visionary but he cannot offer any path to the higher regions, but only a soothing dream. This dream is Gorky's realism
The hopeless characters must either plunge into despair, or concoct delusions that make life bearable. The play offers no redemptive resolution, except through self- delusion, a phantasm that is, ironically, life-saving. Those strong enough to face the truth of despair can find freedom in self-destruction, or, for the society round them, through nihilism.
The work is propelled by social anger, but it can transcend the politics of agitprop, especially as it lacks empathy for the miserable personae. Gorky does not make his social pariahs likeable, though their humanity is to the fore. Like the lives of the characters, the play is disordered, and apparently devoid of purpose, with only snippets of their existences, arguing, playing cards or drinking; merely passing the time that offers no respite. The best they can hope for is to fritter away the hours their lives from which they can expect nothing that they want.
I really liked the book. Gorky is one of my favorite playwrights, I recommend his plays to anyone who likes Chekhov.
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